LCA was conducted for five different case studies in detail: Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) system near Barcelona (Sant Vicenc dels Horts, ES) for groundwater recharge, MAR system at Dunea (NL) for drinking water production, Automatic Neural Net Control System (ANCS) for membrane plant for backwash water treatment at WAG (GER), powdered activated carbon adsorption with subsequent ultrafiltration (PAC+UF) pilot plant in Basel (CH), and ozonation of WWTP effluent at Neugut (CH).
Based on the experience during demonstration of different technologies, a decision tool for measures and processes for energy efficient removal of emerging pollutants will be developed. Thereby one key aspect is the reliable prevention of toxic by-products formation from the source water matrix and the assessment of the potential for toxic transformation products formation from emerging pollutants.
After training of the neural net, ANCS was adjusted with the automatic functions and was used to control the pilot plant automatically. The results in terms of flux rate, recovery, chemical and energy demand will be compared to the respective results of the large technical scale backwash-water treatment plant operated without ANCS. This task showed successful modelling of start- and end permeabibity after/before backwashing and resulted in a cost reduction of 4 - 25 %
This deliverable aims at presenting the reactivity of selected compounds towards the oxidative treatments investigated in Work Area 3, i.e. ozonation and UV photolysis. Therefore, mechanisms of oxidation by molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals on reactive moieties are first described for a better understanding of oxidants reactivity. Since the reactivity of compounds is finally quantified with kinetic laws and kinetic rate constants, protocols for the determination of reaction rate constants (k-values) are here described and discussed.
In vitro bioassays are techniques that promise great steps forward in drinking water security. The technique is based on engineered cells that show a reaction if the sample they are exposed to contains toxins. A wide range of in vitro bioassays has been applied for water quality assessment for:
Surface water, groundwater, the sea or other brackish sources of drinking water production are generally exposed to a complex mixture of pollutants associated with household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Current environmental monitoring of these water bodies is based on a comparison between concentrations of chemically target analyzed priority pollutants (n=33+8) and their environmental threshold values.
This deliverable presents a multi-stakeholder assessment of implementation drivers and barriers throughout various subsequent stages of the innovation cycle. Enabling factors (drivers) and constraining factors (barriers) for the implementation of the four innovative DEMEAU technologies that form the core of Work Areas 1 to 4 are identified at four different analytical levels (contextual, inter-organizational, intra-organizational and individual level) from the perspectives of various stakeholders that are involved in six selected case studies.
Different types of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes are widely distributed and applied on various scales in the European countries, but no systematic categorization and compilation existed up to now. The European MAR catalogue presented herein includes a wide range of parameters, e.g. operational information, hydrogeological properties and water quality monitoring for different types of MAR. The database includes currently 270 MAR sites, but is neither a representative nor an exhaustive data compilation.
This report includes the results of an comprehensive bibliographic compilation of trace organic removal rates in different Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) sites. The elimination of emerging pollutants is classified and evaluated based on previously selected key parameters to identify the optimum design and operation of infiltration facilities in terms of water quality impacts. The aim is to provide guidance to the authorities and water suppliers to evaluate the trace organic removal in an existing or a new designed MAR facilities.
